Estimating the tipping point for lithium iron phosphate batteries

被引:1
|
作者
Nunes, Ashley [1 ,2 ]
See, Chung Yi [1 ]
Woodley, Lucas [1 ]
Wang, Seaver [3 ]
Liu, Gao [4 ]
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Dept Econ, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[2] Harvard Law Sch, Ctr Lab & Just Econ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[3] Breakthrough Inst, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
[4] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
Electric vehicles; Battery chemistry; Cost advantage; ELECTRIC VEHICLES;
D O I
10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124734
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
Uncertainty surrounding NMC cathode chemistry prices have prompted increasing interest in less expensive alternative technologies. Chief among these is lithium iron phosphate (LFP), a chemistry that offers a cost advantage at the expense of energy density. We estimate which chemistry offers a lower cost at targeted vehicle ranges consistent with those consumers can expect from internal combustion engine vehicles. Our model - which considers tradeoffs between battery capacity and weight - enumerates a range 'tipping point' of 373.52 miles, beyond which NMC batteries consistently demonstrate a cost advantage over LFP batteries, despite the latter's reliance on less costly minerals. Using this tipping point as a benchmark, we leverage trip-level data from the National Household Travel Survey to explore which U.S. households may benefit from EVs equipped with LFP versus NMC batteries. Among multi-vehicle households, only 1 % of all trips taken exceed 160.53 miles, a figure analogous to our most conservative tipping point. To the extent that EVs may be utilized for relatively short commutes or as secondary or tertiary vehicles, our results suggest that LFP batteries can offer lower costs relative to NMC batteries while satisfying most households' travel demands. We subsequently discuss the policy implications of these findings.
引用
收藏
页数:7
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