Helmholtz resonator-based acoustic sensors for three-dimensional sound source localization

Recently, sound source localization technology is used in a wide range of fields, including structural health monitoring, pipeline leak detection, and locating the positions of different vehicle horns in traffic. However, current sound source localization often relies on numerous microphone arrays or complex algorithms. These localization methods significantly increase the complexity of the positioning process. Achieving fast, sensitive, and highly directional spatial sound source localization remains a major challenge. In this work, a three-cavity Helmholtz resonator is proposed to detect the angle of incident waves over the full angular range. Firstly, the direction sensing of acoustic sensor is achieved through the acoustic coupling of the Helmholtz resonators. Different angles of incident sound sources cause variations in the sound pressure within resonator cavities. The regular variation in cavity sound pressure provides a solution for high-directivity source angle localization. Meanwhile, full-angle directional response of Helmholtz resonator also supports rapid sound source localization. Additionally, a spatial localization method has been proposed based on the positioning approach of sound sensor. The localization method can accurately determine the position of sound source in three-dimensional space. This work can reduce the complexity of three-dimensional sound source localization significantly and offer a new approach to achieving fast and sensitive spatial localization.