Efficient anti-quantum attack batch authentication and key agreement protocol based on NTRU in VANET

Privacy and security issues in VANET have always been a major concern. Existing authentication schemes in VANET mostly rely on computationally intensive operations such as elliptic curve scalar multiplication or bilinear pairings, which are time-consuming and computationally expensive. On the other hand, some lightweight authentication schemes often fail to guarantee sufficient security. In this paper, we propose an efficient batch authentication and key establishment scheme that is resistant to quantum attacks. The proposed scheme is designed to address the challenges posed by existing schemes. It leverages the NTRU algorithm to achieve efficient batch authentication and efficient pseudonymous identity management. Due to the high volume of authentication required in VANET, the proposed scheme is better suited to adapt to the network environment of VANET. Additionally, the scheme incorporates the Chinese Remainder Theorem to enable group key distribution and fast updates following batch authentication. Through formal security proofs, BAN logic analysis, Proverif protocol analysis, and heuristic security analysis, the proposed scheme is shown to resist various common attacks. Compared to other schemes, our proposed solution offers higher efficiency and comprehensive security measures.