PVP/[Sr(NO3)2+Mg(NO3)2+TEOS+Eu(NO3)3+Dy (NO3)3] composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning technique. Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+luminescent nanofibers were synthesized by calcination of the as-prepared composite nanofibres in the reductive atmosphere. The properties of thermal, phase structure, morphology and fluorescence of the samples were characterized. The thermal analysis reveals that water, organic compounds and nitrate salts in the composite nanofibers are decomposed and volatilized totally, and the weight of the sample keeps constant when the temperature exceeds 800. XRD patterns shows the pure crystal phase structure of Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+nanofibres are formed by calcination of the composite nanofibres at 1100 in the reductive atmosphere. SEM pictures indicates that the surface of Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+luminescent nanofibers are rough and their average diameter is about 350 nm with a string of pearls structure. Fluorescence spectral analysis indicates that under the excitation of a near UV light (360 nm), Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+luminescent nanofibers reveal bright blue-emitting at 468 nm which is characteristic emission of Eu3+ion. The after-glow decay curve shows that its initial afterglow brightness reaches at 0.32 cd/m2which is visible to eyes after being motivated by UV irradiation for 15 minutes. ©, 5015, Editorial Office of Chinese Rare Earths. All right reserved.