Using path-dependent types to build type safe javascript foreign function interfaces

The popularity of statically typed programming languages compiling to JavaScript shows that there exists a fringe of the programmer population interested in leveraging the benefits of static typing to write Web applications. To be of any use, these languages need to statically expose the Web browser dynamically typed native API, which seems to be a contradiction in terms. Indeed, we observe that existing statically typed languages compiling to JavaScript expose the browser API in ways that either are not type safe, or when they are, typically over constrain the programmers. This article presents new ways to encode the challenging parts of theWeb browser API in static type systems such that both type safety and expressive power are preserved. Our first encoding relies on type parameters and can be implemented in most mainstream languages but drags phantom types up to the usage sites. The second encoding does not suffer from this inconvenience but requires the support of dependent types in the language. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.