Synthesis of Brilliance Disperse Dyes Derived from Antipyrine and Their Dyeing Ability on Polyester Fabrics for Enhanced Fastness and Color Strength

A series of five azo dyes derived from the diazonium salt of 4-aminoantipyrine and alpha- and beta-naphthols and naphthalenediol were synthesized, and their chemical structures were identified by spectral measurements such as UV, FT-IR, and NMR, as well as elemental analysis. The chemical descriptor parameters of the synthesized dyes were computed using the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The dyes were classified as disperse dyes and were used to dye polyester fibers at high temperature and pH 4.0-5.0, utilizing acetic acid, while dispersing agents were added to enhance the stability and dispersion of the dyes. The color fastness properties of the dyed fibers were tested, and their color strength, reflectance, and dye exhaustion were measured. Finally, a plausible mechanism for the dyeing process was suggested.