Preparation and application of novel sorbents for in-tube solid-phase microextraction

As the efficient sample preparation technique, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was often combined with some analytical means containing chromatography or mass spectrometry for sensitive detection of various analytes. Especially, in-tube SPME-liquid chromatographic detection not only reduced the analytical time but also improved the accuracy of result. Moreover, this technique was environmentally friendly and employed minimal amount of organic solvents. Various sorbent materials and different extraction devices have been developed to improve enrichment efficiency. Four main types of extraction devices for in-tube SPME, including fiber-filled tube, monolithic column, sorbent-coated and particle-packed tubes, were reviewed from 2020 to 2024. Except for the preparation methods and new sorbents of these extraction devices, their applications in food analysis, environmental pollution and biomedical detection fields were also described. Additionally, the current challenges and future trends of in-tube SPME were discussed.