Separating out platform-independent particles of user interfaces

User Interfaces (UIs) visualize a wide range of various underlying computer application concerns. Such orthogonal concerns present in even the simplest UIs. The expectation of support for users from various backgrounds, location, different technical skills, etc. serves to increase concern complexity. Nowadays users typically remotely access to applications from a variety of platforms including web, mobile or even standalone clients. Providing platform-specific support for multiple UIs further increases the concern complexity. Such a wide-range of concerns often results in a significant portion of the UI description being restated using platform-specific components, which brings extended development, and maintenance efforts. This paper aims to separate out the platformindependent particles of UI that could be reused across various platforms. Such separation supports reduction of information restatement, development and maintenance effort. The platform-independent particles are provided in a machine-readable format to support their reuse in platform-specific UIs. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.