A review of p-y relation for single piles based on field horizontal loading test data

Based on past field test data on the horizontally loaded single piles, the authors have proposed a p-y model, which relates unit subgrade reaction force and pile displacement, for single piles. Particular attention was paid to evaluate the coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction taking the pile diameter and the soil properties into account. The hyperbolic model presented in this paper shows good applicability to simulate the non-linear response of single piles subjected to horizontal loads regardless of the types of piles and soils, which can be useful for the advanced seismic design of piles.