Microwave physics and photonics

Microwave physics combine many fields in radiophysics. It also initiated a practical development and fabrication of metamaterials with a negative refractive index. However, media with artificially formed structure are used to develop new methods for controlling propagation of electromagnetic waves in photonics, the microwave photonics. The materials may acquire new properties due to various nonlinear effects, which make it possible to change the characteristics of a medium by changing the transmitted wave intensity. It was also found that the interaction of wave beams in defocusing media can be used for fast switching of energy or data transfer channels. Other notable studies of development include formation of layered media with periodic modulation of the dispersion characteristics of order, new applications of the terahertz range, implementation of electron-positron plasmoids based on high current electron accelerators, statistical effects related to intermittency, studies on light photon echo, unique liquid crystal devices, and new approaches in tomography.