Real-time safety and worker self-assessment: Sensor-based mobile system for critical unsafe behaviors

Human error significantly contributes to construction accidents, exacerbated by the lack of a digital tool for assessing and improving workers' safety performance. This paper addresses this gap by developing: 1) a RealTime Safety Performance Assessment and Report System; 2) a Safety Behavior Self-Assessment and Improvement System; and 3) a Sensor-Based Safety Performance Analytic Mobile System (SBSPAMS) to detect, assess, and modify workers' unsafe behaviors. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper developed a realtime safety performance assessment method, a safety behavior self-assessment questionnaire, and tailored recommendations for workers' safety performance improvement. The SBSPAMS was developed by integrating the safety performance assessment and safety behavior self-assessment functions into a Sensor-Based Safety Monitoring Mobile System (SBSMMS), along with a framework for the practical implementation of the SBSPAMS. This paper enriches construction safety knowledge by providing a performance assessment and improvement approach and contributes to the construction industry by developing a tool for worker-oriented safety management.