In order to explore the heat transfer process and heat distribution in the cylinder of low heat dissipation diesel engine before and after taking heat insulation measures, this study introduces a heat transfer prediction algorithm for diesel engine based on the coupling calculation of dynamic heat transfer network model of heat resistance-heat capacity and thermodynamic model of diesel engine. This study also designs a friendly graphical user interface (GUI) human-machine interface software. Taking a single cylinder diesel engine as the research object, the heat transfer model correctly predicted the parameters such as cylinder pressure, component wall temperature, and heat balance during the working process of a single cylinder engine. Moreover, the model quickly realized the heat transfer calculation after engine heat insulation according to the corresponding heat insulation scheme. This model can be applied to the development and designing stage of low heat dissipation diesel engine and prediction of heat transfer of the whole engine according to different heat insulation schemes in order to realize the preliminary understanding of the heat insulation effect. Copyright ©2021 Journal of Harbin Engineering University.