Chemical Composition of Clay Soil Analysis and Potential Health Risks: Experimental Study in Tshwane District, Gauteng Province

被引:1
|
作者
Malebatja, Mohora Feida [1 ]
Randa, Moreoagae Bertha [1 ]
Mokgatle, Mathildah Mpata [1 ]
Oguntibeju, Oluwafemi Omoniyi [2 ]
机构
[1] Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Healthcare Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, ZA-0208 Pretoria, South Africa
[2] Cape Peninsula Univ, Fac Hlth & Wellness Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, Phytomedicine & Phytochemistry Grp, ZA-3575 Bellville, South Africa
来源
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | 2024年 / 14卷 / 19期
关键词
chemicals; potential health risk; geophagy; soil addiction; clay soil; women of childbearing age; trace elements; Tshwane District; WOMEN;
D O I
10.3390/app14199152
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
The practise of geophagy is common amongst women of childbearing age from different geographic locations, including South Africa, regardless of their social and economic status such as their level of education, race, marital status, income or occupation. This study aimed to examine the women of childbearing age in Tshwane District, Gauteng Province, South Africa. An experimental study was conducted at the laboratory to examine the chemical composition of clay soil ingested by geophagic women of childbearing age. Thirty-nine clay soil samples were collected from study participants attending antenatal care services and family planning at public healthcare facilities of Tshwane District, Gauteng Province, and subjected to geochemical analysis. The concentrations of vanadium, manganese, chromium, and barium were detected in quantities exceeding 100 mg/kg in almost all samples. Cadmium, mercury and silver were detected in low concentrations below 1 mg/kg in all samples. The practice of geophagy amongst women of childbearing age has been reported to be associated with detrimental health outcomes and risks such as iron deficiency anaemia, constipation, shortness of breath, maternal and childhood mortalities and morbidities, neurological and central nervous system disorder, death, appendicitis, cancers, teratogenic risks, and ulcers. The chemical composition of clay soil eaten by geophagic women of childbearing age contains potentially harmful substances, thus the practise of geophagy is toxic and should be discouraged to protect public health.
引用
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页数:17
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