Greenland Ice Sheet's Distinct Calving Styles Are Identified in Terminus Change Timeseries

At least three primary iceberg calving styles have been identified in Greenland: serac collapse, which produces falling icebergs tens of meters in length; slab capsize, which produces rotating icebergs hundreds of meters in length; and tabular rifting, which produces kilometer-scale icebergs. However, calving styles are mostly undocumented across Greenland. Here, we develop a method to disentangle the sizes of individual calving events and map the dominant calving style at glaciers, using the characteristic properties of step retreats in satellite-derived terminus positions. At glaciers known to frequently produce calving teleseisms, step retreats greater than 200 m account for >80% of net calved length since 2018. In contrast, at glaciers known to calve by serac failure, 200 m step retreats account <20% of net calving. Thus, terminus change timeseries can offer promising insight into the dominant calving styles at marine-terminating glaciers.