Enhancing MPPT efficiency in PV systems under partial shading: A hybrid POA&PO approach for rapid and accurate energy harvesting

Partial shading in operational environments introduces multiple peaks in the output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems, presenting significant challenges to energy harvesting. This study introduces a novel meta-heuristic algorithm, termed POA&PO, which aims to address the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) issues in PV systems. The algorithm capitalizes on the global search capability of the POA method to quickly pinpoint the range with the maximum power, followed by the fast convergence of the PO method to ensure both rapidity and accuracy of the solution. Extensive simulation tests, conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK, have demonstrated the efficacy of the POA&PO algorithm, achieving an average tracking efficiency of 99.97 % with a convergence time of 0.3 s in step response tests; under the EN50530 test standard, the algorithm also showed sustained and stable tracking of ramp signals. Moreover, practical testing utilizing a new, low-cost indoor PV simulator confirmed the algorithm's high performance under controlled conditions, yielding an average tracking efficiency of 97.03 % and a convergence time of 0.18 s. This paper highlights the capacity of the developed algorithm to reliably, accurately, and swiftly achieve high energy transfer efficiency. Additionally, the innovative and economical experimental testing methods employed are emphasized, contributing to the practical applicability and cost-effectiveness of the proposed solution.