Graphitic carbon nitride composites as advanced versatile materials for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of emerging pollutants from wastewater

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered considerable attention due to its exceptional characteristics, such as strong chemical and thermal stability and a tunable optical band gap, making it an ideal candidate for environmental remediation applications. Recent advancements focus on innovative modifications to enhance gC3N4's photocatalytic and adsorptive properties. Techniques like doping and composite synthesis have been employed to improve charge separation and light absorption, significantly increasing its photocatalytic efficiency. Additionally, g-C3N4's notable electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties contribute to its effectiveness in water splitting and pollutant degradation. A particularly novel aspect of this study is the integration of machine learning approaches and computational methods for structural and mechanistic studies of gC3N4. These techniques are used to predict performance, optimize enhancements, and gain deeper insights into the material's behavior, driving rapid progress in the field. This review explores g-C3N4's crystalline structure, photocatalytic properties, and adsorption mechanisms, while also emphasizing the material's potential for ecofriendly water treatment systems and the transformative role of advanced computational approaches in its development.