Achieving a 100% Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energy

被引：0

作者：

Kroposki B. ^{[1
]}

Johnson B. ^{[1
]}

Zhang Y. ^{[1
]}

Gevorgian V. ^{[1
]}

Denholm P. ^{[1
]}

Hodge B.-M. ^{[1
]}

Hannegan B. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

来源：

| 1600年 / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., United States卷 / 15期

关键词：

Costa Rica - Electric grids - Hydro-power resources - Hydropower plants - Large-scale deployment - Natural rainfalls - Solar photovoltaic system - Variable renewable energies;

D O I：

10.1109/MPE.2016.2637122

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

What does it mean to achieve a 100% renewable grid? Several countries already meet or come close to achieving this goal. Iceland, for example, supplies 100% of its electricity needs with either geothermal or hydropower. Other countries that have electric grids with high fractions of renewables based on hydropower include Norway (97%), Costa Rica (93%), Brazil (76%), and Canada (62%). Hydropower plants have been used for decades to create a relatively inexpensive, renewable form of energy, but these systems are limited by natural rainfall and geographic topology. Around the world, most good sites for large hydropower resources have already been developed. So how do other areas achieve 100% renewable grids? Variable renewable energy (VRE), such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, will be a major contributor, and with the reduction in costs for these technologies during the last five years, large-scale deployments are happening around the world. © 2017 IEEE.

引用

页码：61 / 73

页数：12

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