[1] Division of Engineering and Policy for Sustainable Environment, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido,060-8628, Japan
[2] Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, Hiragishi 1-3-1-34, Toyohira-Ku, Sapporo,062-8602, Japan
[3] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau, Kita 8. Nishi 2, Kita-Ku Sapporo,060-8511, Japan