Effects of the internal temperature on vertical mixing and on cloud structures in ultra-hot Jupiters

被引:0
|
作者
Noti, Pascal A. [1 ,2 ]
Lee, Elspeth K. H. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bern, Ctr Space & Habitabil, Gesell Str 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
[2] Univ Bern, Phys Inst, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: gaseous planets; planets and satellites: interiors; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MULTIWAVELENGTH RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; THERMAL EMISSION-SPECTRUM; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; GREY ANALYTICAL-MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; BROWN DWARFS; PHASE-CURVE; HD; 189733B; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/202451823
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Context. The vertical mixing in hot-Jupiter atmospheres plays a critical role in the formation and spacial distribution of cloud particles in their atmospheres. This affects the observed spectra of a planet through cloud opacity, which can be influenced by the degree of cold trapping of refractory species in the deep atmosphere. Aims. We aim to isolate the effects of the internal temperature on the mixing efficiency in the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) and the spacial distribution of cloud particles across the planet. Methods. We combined a simplified tracer-based cloud model, a picket fence radiative-transfer scheme, and a mixing length theory to the Exo-FMS general circulation model. We ran the model for five different internal temperatures at typical UHJ atmosphere system parameters. Results. Our results show the convective eddy diffusion coefficient remains low throughout the vast majority of the atmosphere, with mixing dominated by advective flows. However, some regions can show convective mixing in the upper atmosphere for colder interior temperatures. The vertical extent of the clouds is reduced as the internal temperature is increased. Additionally, a global cloud layer gets formed below the radiative-convective boundary (RCB) in the cooler cases. Conclusions. Convection is generally strongly inhibited in UHJ atmospheres above the RCB due to their strong irradiation. Convective mixing plays a minor role compared to advective mixing in keeping cloud particles aloft in UHJs with warm interiors. Higher vertical turbulent heat fluxes and the advection of potential temperature inhibit convection in warmer interiors. Our results suggest that isolated upper atmosphere regions above cold interiors may exhibit strong convective mixing in isolated regions around Rossby gyres, allowing aerosols to be better retained in these areas.
引用
收藏
页数:17
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [41] Understanding the atmospheric properties and chemical composition of the ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b II. Mapping the effects of gas kinetics
    Molaverdikhani, K.
    Helling, Ch.
    Lew, B. W. P.
    MacDonald, R. J.
    Samra, D.
    Iro, N.
    Woitke, P.
    Parmentier, V.
    ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2020, 635
  • [42] Effects of Hot Water Treatment and Storage Temperature on Internal Quality and Volatile Compounds of Grapefruit
    Li, Jian
    Yan, Jiaqi
    Plotto, Anne
    Baldwin, Elizabeth
    Bai, Jinhe
    Ritenour, Mark
    HORTSCIENCE, 2016, 51 (09) : S380 - S380
  • [43] Simulated effects of internal mixing of anthropogenic aerosols on the aerosol-radiation interaction and global temperature
    Zhou, Chen
    Zhang, Hua
    Zhao, Shuyun
    Li, Jiangnan
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2017, 37 : 972 - 986
  • [44] Modeling mixing kinetics for large-scale production of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: effects of temperature, volume, and mixing method
    Du, Jiang
    Mahjoubi, Soroush
    Bao, Yi
    Banthia, Nemkumar
    Meng, Weina
    CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, 2023, 397
  • [45] Cloud property trends in hot and ultra-hot giant gas planets (WASP-43b, WASP-103b, WASP-121b, HAT-P-7b, and WASP-18b)
    Helling, Ch.
    Lewis, D.
    Samra, D.
    Carone, L.
    Graham, V.
    Herbort, O.
    Chubb, K. L.
    Min, M.
    Waters, R.
    Parmentier, V.
    Mayne, N.
    ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2021, 649
  • [46] Mixing layer and coherent structures in compound channel flows: Effects of transverse flow, velocity ratio, and vertical confinement
    Proust, S.
    Fernandes, J. N.
    Leal, J. B.
    Riviere, N.
    Peltier, Y.
    WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 2017, 53 (04) : 3387 - 3406
  • [47] Regional dependence of microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature
    Fan Ping
    Zhexian Luo
    Xiaofan Li
    Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 2011, 112 : 29 - 39
  • [48] Regional dependence of microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature
    Ping, Fan
    Luo, Zhexian
    Li, Xiaofan
    METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, 2011, 112 (1-2) : 29 - 39
  • [49] Effects of Hot-Gas Composition on Temperature Distribution in a Flat Plate Cooled by Internal and Film Cooling
    Na, S.
    Dennis, R. A.
    Alsup, C.
    Bryden, K. M.
    Shih, T. I-P.
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 3, PTS A AND B, 2009, : 657 - 668
  • [50] Large-eddy simulations of structure effects of an upstream elbow main pipe on hot and cold fluids mixing in a vertical tee junction
    Lu, T.
    Liu, S. M.
    Attinger, D.
    ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY, 2013, 60 : 420 - 431