Waste heat recovery and power generation in cement clinker production: An energetic comparison

Waste Heat Recovery at industrial plants is currently of major interest due to reasons of environmental protection, especially initialised by requests of CO2emission reduction The European Energy Efficiency Directive, which was adopted by the EU in Oct 2012 has to be implemented in the member countries nowadays. The main target is to reduce the consumption of primary energy within the Union by 20 % by 2020. Therefore high efforts are necessary, especially in the energy-intensive industrial sectors like iron & steel shops or cement plants Various processes or waste heat recovery for industrial heat sources are available The best known water steam cycle should be used rather for higher temperature levels of heat source > 300 °C For lower temperature levels ORC and the Kalina-process are available The main advantage of the Kalina-cycle rising temperature at evaporation has been overcome by supercritical ORC-systems Nevertheless the Kalina-process shows advantages at very low temperature levels of heat source around 130 °C A very promising concept for future applications of waste heat recovery seems to be the s-CO2cycle, a system which is currently being introduced to the market.