Estimating and validating ground-based timber harvesting production through computer simulation

Estimating ground-based timber harvesting systems production with an object-oriented methodology was investigated. The estimation model developed generates stands of trees, simulates chain saw, drive-to-tree feller-buncher, swing-to-tree single-grip harvester felling, and grapple skidder and forwarder extraction activities, and analyzes costs and productivity. It also measures the traffic intensity level of extraction machines across sites. The model components were validated using data from several independent field studies. The model was used to evaluate the interaction of stand variables, harvest treatments, machines, and extraction patterns. Using two main skid trails to harvest a block minimized traffic intensity. The model can be best used to evaluate alternative skidding configurations and their impact on cost, production, and traffic intensity.