CrystalNet: Texture-Aware Neural Refraction Baking for Global Illumination

Neural rendering bakes global illumination and other computationally costly effects into the weights of a neural network, allowing to efficiently synthesize photorealistic images without relying on path tracing. In neural rendering approaches, G-buffers obtained from rasterization through direct rendering provide information regarding the scene such as position, normal, and textures to the neural network, achieving accurate and stable rendering quality in real-time. However, due to the use of G-buffers, existing methods struggle to accurately render transparency and refraction effects, as G-buffers do not capture any ray information from multiple light ray bounces. This limitation results in blurriness, distortions, and loss of detail in rendered images that contain transparency and refraction, and is particularly notable in scenes with refracted objects that have high-frequency textures. In this work, we propose a neural network architecture to encode critical rendering information, including texture coordinates from refracted rays, and enable reconstruction of high-frequency textures in areas with refraction. Our approach is able to achieve accurate refraction rendering in challenging scenes with a diversity of overlapping transparent objects. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can interactively render high quality refraction effects with global illumination, unlike existing neural rendering approaches.