Techno-economic analysis and calculation of environmental impacts of biodiesel production from animal fat wastes in Turkey

In this study, technical and economic analysis of the utilization of waste animal fats (bovine and sheep) as a rawmaterial in biodiesel production was carried out within the framework of chemical and process engineering. Threedifferent availability factors (10=0.1%; 50=0.5%; 100%=1.0) were considered, depending on the use of a certainpart of waste animal fats, which are raw materials, in biodiesel production. As a result of the calculations, thepotential biodiesel production amount was estimated at approximately 112 thousand tons and the net value ofbiodiesel was estimated at approximately 2.9 billion TL in 2030 according to the 100% availability factor. If wasteanimal fats were collected with availability factors of 10%, 50% and 100% among 2010-2021, and used in biodiesel production; it has been calculated that approximately 27% 135% and 270% of Turkey's biodiesel production canbe met on average. As a result, it was found that if biodiesel was produced from waste animal fats, it would bemuch higher (almost up to three times) than Turkey's current biodiesel production capacity. In addition, CO2reduction of biodiesel were calculated in this study. Finally, a ratio was established between the theoreticallycalculated carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission reduction and the CO2 gas emission amounts that occur withtransportation found in the literature. According to the availability factors of 10%, 50% and 100% between 2010and 2021, Turkey's CO2 emission reduction were found to be approximately 0.029%, 0.146% and 0.292% onaverage