Caring breadwinners? A comparative analysis of parental leave policies to promote fathers' care work

被引:0
|
作者
Lutolf, Meret [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland
关键词
Family model; Family policy; Gender; Parents; Social policy; GENDER EQUALITY; CHILD-CARE; FAMILY POLICY; INVOLVEMENT; DIVISION; CONSEQUENCES; MODEL; PATTERNS; SCHEMES; FINLAND;
D O I
10.1111/spsr.12629
中图分类号
D0 [政治学、政治理论];
学科分类号
0302 ; 030201 ;
摘要
The question which policy measures facilitate greater paternal participation in childcare and promote the universal caregiver model (as opposed to the universal breadwinner model) remains a prominent topic of debate. Determining the extent to which states implement such policies is equally crucial. This paper analyzes which policies differentiate these two family models and foster the paternal shift from breadwinning to caregiving. To this end, an analytical grid is developed to identify a parental leave policy that is genuinely egalitarian in design. Two newly created indices within this grid distinguish between the egalitarian policy potential and a traditional uptake of leave. The analysis grid is then empirically tested on twenty countries. This qualitative, case-specific assessment approach identifies examples of egalitarianism-enhancing policies. However, as the differences between the two indices suggest, the flexibility in leave take-up between parents leaves the potential of these policies largely untapped. Die Frage, welche politischen Massnahmen eine st & auml;rkere Beteiligung von V & auml;tern an der Kinderbetreuung und damit das universelle Betreuungsmodell (im Gegensatz zum universellen Ern & auml;hrermodell) beg & uuml;nstigen, bleibt ein wichtiges Diskussionsthema. Dar & uuml;ber hinaus ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung zu ermitteln, inwieweit Staaten diese Massnahmen umsetzen. In diesem Beitrag soll untersucht werden, welche politischen Massnahmen den Wechsel des Vaters vom Ern & auml;hrer zum Betreuer unterst & uuml;tzen. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Analyseraster entwickelt, um eine wirklich egalit & auml;r gestaltete Elternzeit-Policy zu identifizieren. Zwei neu geschaffene Indizes innerhalb dieses Rasters unterscheiden zwischen dem egalit & auml;ren Policypotenzial und einer traditionellen Inanspruchnahme der Elternzeit. Das Analyseraster wird anschliessend an zwanzig L & auml;ndern empirisch getestet. Mit diesem qualitativen, fallspezifischen Bewertungsansatz werden Beispiele f & uuml;r egalit & auml;tsf & ouml;rdernde Politiken identifiziert. Wie die Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Indizes zeigen, l & auml;sst die Flexibilit & auml;t bei der Inanspruchnahme von Elternzeit das Potenzial dieser Massnahmen jedoch weitgehend ungenutzt. Cet article analyse les politiques visant & agrave; accro & icirc;tre la participation des p & egrave;res & agrave; la garde des enfants, favorisant ainsi le mod & egrave;le de l'aidant plut & ocirc;t que celui du soutien de famille. L'& eacute;tude & eacute;value l'application de ces politiques par les & Eacute;tats, en d & eacute;veloppant une grille d'analyse pour identifier les politiques de cong & eacute; parental v & eacute;ritablement & eacute;galitaires. Deux indices distincts sont introduits dans cette grille pour diff & eacute;rencier le potentiel & eacute;galitaire d'une politique d'un c & ocirc;t & eacute; d'un usage traditionnel du cong & eacute; parental de l'autre c & ocirc;t & eacute;. Cette grille d'analyse est ensuite appliqu & eacute;e & agrave; vingt pays, permettant d'identifier des exemples de politiques favorisant l'& eacute;galit & eacute; entre les parents. Cependant, les r & eacute;sultats montrent que, malgr & eacute; l'existence de politiques & eacute;galitaires, la flexibilit & eacute; dans la r & eacute;partition du cong & eacute; entre les parents laisse le potentiel de ces politiques largement inexploit & eacute;, sugg & eacute;rant des limites dans leur mise en oe uvre. La questione di quali misure politiche facilitino una maggiore partecipazione dei padri alla cura dei figli e promuovano il modello universale di "caregiver" (in contrapposizione al modello universale di "breadwinner") rimane un tema importante. Altrettanto cruciale & egrave; capire in quale misura gli Stati attuano tali politiche. Questo studio analizza le politiche che differenziano questi due modelli familiari e favoriscono il passaggio dall'uno all'altro. A tal fine, viene sviluppata una griglia analitica per identificare una politica di congedo parentale che sia realmente egualitaria. Due nuovi indici all'interno di questa griglia distinguono tra il potenziale della politica egualitaria e il tradizionale utilizzo del congedo. La griglia di analisi & egrave; testata empiricamente su venti Paesi. Questo approccio di valutazione qualitativo e specifico per ogni caso identifica esempi di politiche che favoriscono l'egualitarismo. Tuttavia, come suggeriscono le differenze tra i due indici, la flessibilit & agrave; nella fruizione dei congedi da parte dei genitori lascia il potenziale di queste politiche in gran parte inutilizzato.
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页码:385 / 406
页数:22
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