Nanoarchitectonics of Fe single-atom catalyst modified with flexible wearable patch for sweat biomarker analysis

In personalized medical diagnostics and health monitoring, the analysis of biomarkers in sweat, such as uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DA), offers valuable insights into metabolic states. This study introduces a flexible wearable patch based on Fe single-atom catalysts (FeSAs) to simultaneously detect UA and DA in sweat for comprehensive health assessment. Our wearable patch demonstrated linear response ranges of 1-800 mu M for UA and 1-500 mu M for DA, with detection limits of 2.68 mu M and 3.76 mu M, and sensitivities of 0.015 mu A mu M-1 cm-2 and 0.0176 mu A mu M-1 cm-2, respectively. Additionally, we integrated agarose hydrogel into the wearable patches, optimizing sweat collection efficiency at agarose concentrations ranging from 2 % to 3.8 %. This innovation enables effective biomarker enrichment directly from the skin surface. In conclusion, our study presents an innovative FeSAs-based electrocatalyst capable of simultaneous detection of low-concentration UA and DA biomarkers.