The Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reflections and Insights

Individual factors cannot explain the ongoing HIV-related health disparities experienced by racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States. There are systemic social and structural factors that contribute to the disparity in incidence and out-comes. 72 Unarguably, ART adherence and viral suppression are key to increasing quality of life and decreasing transmission for those living with HIV. Access to HIV prevention services is essential. However, as we advance in HIV treatment and prevention, we must continue to illuminate and address the social drivers that are inextricably linked to disparities in HIV outcomes, prevalence, incidence, and mortality. 73 The development of innovative models of HIV care and prevention that improve outcomes and decrease disparities is the way forward to EHE not just for some, but for all.