Melamine foam scaffolded 3D porous polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composite electrode for flexible supercapacitor

Graphene composite foam with enhanced mechanical and electrochemical properties holds great promise for flexible supercapacitors. This work developed a cost-effective method for massive production of threedimensional (3D) porous graphene composite using melamine foam (MF) as a flexible scaffold. The MF was coated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to form an interconnected conductive layer by dip-coating and vapor reduction, and loaded with polyaniline (PANI) by in-situ polymerization. The resulted PANI/RGO/MF, as selfsupporting electrode, exhibits extraordinary mechanical flexibility and a high specific capacitance of 806.2 mF cm- 2 at 0.5 mA cm- 2. Furthermore, the assembled solid-state supercapacitor exhibits an outstanding capacity of 299.1 mF cm- 2 at 0.5 mA cm- 2, a high energy density of 26.6 mu Wh cm- 2 at 200 mu W cm- 2, nearly 100% capacitance retention at 0 degrees-180 degrees, and good cycling stability. This study provides a scalable strategy for fabricating graphene composite foam suitable for flexible energy storage application.