Forecasting Photo-Dissolution for Future Oil Spills at Sea: Effects of Oil Properties and Composition

被引:0
|
作者
Freeman, Danielle Haas [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Nelson, Robert K. [2 ]
Pate, Kali [2 ]
Reddy, Christopher M. [2 ]
Ward, Collin P. [2 ]
机构
[1] MIT WHOI Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & En, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[2] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[3] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
oil spills; petroleum; photochemistry; weathering; photo-oxidation; photo-dissolution; dissolved organic carbon; DOC; ultra low sulfurfuel oil; ULSFO; WATER-HORIZON OIL; CRUDE-OIL; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; FATE; BIODEGRADATION; PETROLEUM; PRODUCTS;
D O I
10.1021/acs.est.4c05169
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Photo-dissolution, the photochemical production of water-soluble species from oil, can transfer oil-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from floating surface slicks to the underlying seawater. Photo-dissolution was likely a quantitatively relevant fate process for the Macondo crude oil spilled during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill, but the importance of photo-dissolution for other oils is poorly constrained. This study evaluated the photo-dissolution reactivities (apparent quantum yields) and modeled rates for oils with diverse physical properties and chemical compositions, including an ultra low sulfur fuel oil (ULSFO). Photo-dissolution from UV (310 nm) light was strongly positively correlated with the fraction of small, gas-oil range compounds (<C-25), resulting in faster rates for lighter crudes. However, photo-dissolution rates and importance to oil mass balance varied as a function of both reactivity and properties that govern slick thickness and light absorbance. Thicker slicks (similar to 1 mm) of light and heavy crudes produced more DOC by photo-dissolution compared to thin slicks due to higher rates of light absorbance. However, the mass lost from thin slicks (similar to 1 mu m) was quantitatively relevant for calculations of oil mass balance, with a modeled similar to 5% loss for a simplified, hypothetical spill after 1 day of sunlight exposure. The ULSFO was unusual in its exceptionally low photo-reactivity, suggesting distinct fates for this high-spill-risk product. The results show that photo-dissolution is a relevant fate process for a wide range of oil products and that it is controlled by oil properties and composition, making possible predictions of oil fate and effects for future spills at sea.
引用
收藏
页码:15236 / 15245
页数:10
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