Ultrasonic total focusing method for internal defects in composite insulators

In order to address the problem of poor imaging detection of internal defects caused by the multi-layer curved surface structure and strongly attenuating material of composite insulators, the total focusing method ( TFM) with two-layer curved surface correction was investigated. Virtual source ( VS) technology was introduced to improve the transmitted energy of the single-element transmission, combined with the delay multiply and sum (DMAS) algorithm to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and ultrasonic imaging detection of defects of different sizes of side-drilled holes (SDHs) in the sheath layer and core rod layer. An examination of the delamination defects at the core rod layer of the composite insulators was also carried out. The results show that the double-layer surface correction method is able to calibrate the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave to accurately localise the defects. Moreover, the VS technique is able to effectively detect SDHs and delamination defects in the core rod layer that cannot be detected using the conventional TFM. After incorporating the DMAS technique, the average SNRs of the TFM and virtual source total focusing method ( VSTFM) are improved by 12.75 dB and 13.77 dB, respectively. This shows that the DMAS technique can significantly improve the SNR of detection