Herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses in saliva and biopsies of patients with orofacial tumors

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and association of HPV and Herpesviruses in saliva and tissue samples of patients with orofacial tumors. Methods: Biopsies of tumors were done, and saliva samples were collected from patients with orofacial tumors for the determination of viruses using nested multiplex PCR. Independent variables were sex, age, comorbidities, tumor stage, and length of stay. Outcome variables were the presence or absence of herpesviruses and HPV. Descriptive summaries and inferential statistics were done. Results: A hundred patients were included in the study. Prevalence of herpesviruses and HPV were 17.6 % and 57.0 % in tumors, and 48.3 % and 60.0 % in the saliva of patients respectively. Herpesviruses detected included EBV (21.3 %), HHV-7 (11.2 %), CMV (6.7 %), HSV-1 (5.1 %), HSV-2 (1.1 %), VZV (1.1 %), and Kaposi sarcoma virus (0.6 %). The most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV-42 (29 %), HPV-43 (22.7 %), HPV-52 (22.2 %), HPV39 (18.8 %), and HPV-18 (9.1 %). The odds of EBV being detected in malignant orofacial tumors were 2 times that of benign orofacial tumors. HPV DNA in the saliva of patients with orofacial tumors was 69.7%, compared to 18.2 % of the control sample (p <0.001). The median length of stay for all participants was 6.5 days, those associated with viruses stayed longer. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of Herpesviruses and HPV in saliva and tumor samples of patients with orofacial tumors, signalling some potential for more work to be done in this area.