Marriage squeeze in the Loess Plateau Region, Northwestern China: A case study of two villages

The quest for spouses among rural men in China has become increasingly arduous, resulting in a growing number of older bachelors. However, the mechanisms driving the marriage squeeze in underdeveloped rural areas remain poorly understood. This study analyzes time-series data from 70 marital unions across 58 households in two geographically distinct villages in the Loess Plateau Region of China. The results indicate that marriage expenses and the subsequent financial burden on the bridegroom's household increased substantially from 1969 to 2018, particularly in the most recent decade, while the bride's household received the majority of marriage-related income. There has been an overall increasing trend in economic pressure induced by marriage expenses in both villages since 1979. A cohort of older bachelors has emerged in the hilly village, where rural males traditionally marry women from more remote, underdeveloped areas. Conversely, rural males in the tableland village can consistently find spouses from comparable geographical settings and have not yet emerged as older bachelors. This study concludes that the marriage squeeze manifests as dual pressures from economic and living conditions, and excludes economically disadvantaged males in harsh environments from the marriage market within the context of rural out-migration and the sex ratio imbalance.