Nitrogen is a crucial element that affects plant metabolic processes and indirectly influences the structure and dynamics of ecological interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Since the invention of the Haber-Bosch process, human activity has significantly influenced the amount of nitrogen released into the environment. However, how do these overfertilization processes affect flora and fauna in urban ecosystems? In our experiments, we used elevated nitrogen concentrations to simulate terrestrial eutrophication processes in Nicotiana tabacum L. We evaluated reproductive traits such as floral morphology using geometric morphometrics. Additionally, nectar volume and solute concentration, along with other vegetative traits, were quantified. Subsequently, the impacts of these modifications on herbivory and pollination interactions in a peri-urban environment were measured. Overfertilization resulted in notable modifications to the floral shape of the lobes, as well as a significant increase in percentage of herbivory by chewing insects, without affecting floral visitation rates. We also observed that elevated herbivory on fertilised plants did not show a direct correlation with overall pollination rates per plant or seed set. In contrast, the reduction in leaf size during the second phase of the experiment, owing to overfertilization effects, affected seed production. The roles of potential pollinators and their influence on seed quantity in control plants are discussed. Nitrogen is a crucial element not only for plants in natural terrestrial ecosystems but also plays a fundamental role in the modification and shaping of reproductive and vegetative structures. Moreover, it affects the functionality of ecological interactions of pollination and herbivory in anthropogenic environments, such as peri-urban areas. El nitr & oacute;geno es un elemento crucial que afecta los procesos metab & oacute;licos de las plantas e influye indirectamente en la estructura y din & aacute;mica de las interacciones ecol & oacute;gicas en los ecosistemas terrestres. Desde la invenci & oacute;n del proceso de Haber-Bosch, la actividad humana ha influenciado significativamente la cantidad de nitr & oacute;geno liberado al medio ambiente. Sin embargo, & iquest;c & oacute;mo podr & iacute;an estos procesos de sobrefertilizaci & oacute;n impactar la flora y fauna dentro de los ecosistemas periurbanos? En el presente experimento, se usaron concentraciones elevadas de nitr & oacute;geno para simular procesos de eutrofizaci & oacute;n terrestre en Nicotiana tabacum L. Se evaluaron rasgos reproductivos como la forma floral empleando morfometr & iacute;a geom & eacute;trica y se cuantific & oacute; el volumen del n & eacute;ctar, la concentraci & oacute;n de solutos, y otros rasgos vegetativos. Posteriormente, se midi & oacute; el impacto de estas modificaciones en las interacciones de herbivor & iacute;a, polinizaci & oacute;n y su rol en la generaci & oacute;n de semillas en un entorno periurbano. La sobrefertilizaci & oacute;n result & oacute; en modificaciones notables en la forma floral de los l & oacute;bulos, adem & aacute;s de provocar un aumento significativo en los porcentajes de herbivor & iacute;a por insectos masticadores, sin afectar las tasas de visitas florales. Observamos tambi & eacute;n que los altos porcentajes herbivor & iacute;a en las plantas fertilizadas no estaban directamente correlacionadas ni con la tasa global de polinizaci & oacute;n por planta ni con la cantidad de semillas generadas. En cambio, la reducci & oacute;n del tama & ntilde;o de las hojas en la segunda fase del experimento, debido a los efectos de la sobrefertilizaci & oacute;n, s & iacute; afect & oacute; la producci & oacute;n de semillas. Adem & aacute;s, se discute el papel de un potencial polinizador y su influencia en la cantidad de semillas en las plantas del grupo control. El nitr & oacute;geno es un elemento esencial no solo para las plantas en los ecosistemas terrestres, sino que tambi & eacute;n juega un papel clave en la modificaci & oacute;n y configuraci & oacute;n de las estructuras reproductivas y vegetativas, adem & aacute;s de influir en la funcionalidad de las interacciones ecol & oacute;gicas en entornos antropog & eacute;nicos como las & aacute;reas periurbanas. By applying high concentrations of nitrogen, we simulated a nutrient pollution scenario at a small scale and evaluated how nitrogen affects aboveground processes in peri-urban environments. We found that in peri-urban environments, under the effects of overfertilization, significant changes can occur in floral morphology and vegetative traits (leaves). In the latter case, these changes likely affect interactions with other organisms, as observed in one of the guilds of chewing herbivores. Overall, nutrient pollution processes could indeed have significant effects on species inhabiting peri-urban environments. image
