Enhanced structural, vibrational, and dielectric properties of (Ba 095 Ca 0.05 (Ti 0.95 Zr 0.05 ) 1-x (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) x O 3 ceramics

The (Ba0 0 95Ca0.05) Ca 0.05 ) (Ti0 0 95Zr0.05)1-x(Zn1/3Nb2/3)xO3 Zr 0.05 ) 1-x (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) x O 3 BCZTxZN compounds, were created using the widely adopted solid-state method. To assess the impact of (Zn, Nb: ZN) co-substitution ions we studied the structural, vibrational, and dielectric characteristics of BCZT. The phase purity was validated by conducting Rietveld refinement of XRD data, indicating the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases at ambient temperature in the (Ba0 0 95Ca0.05) Ca 0.05 ) (Ti0 0 95Zr0.05)0.975(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.025O3 Zr 0.05 ) 0.975 (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.025 O 3 (BCZT25ZN) composition. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy confirmed the observed transitions. The presence of Zn2+ 2 + and Nb5+ 5 + ions resulted in a decrease in cell parameters and cell volume. The real part of the dielectric constant and the tangent loss (tan delta) exhibited values of approximately 3380 and 0.031, respectively, for the sample (Ba0 0 95Ca0.05)(Ti0 Ca 0.05 )(Ti 0 95Zr0.05)0.95(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.05O3 Zr 0.05 ) 0.95 (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.05 O 3 (BCZT50ZN), obtained by substituting ZN in Ba0 0 95Ca0 Ca 0 05Ti0 Ti 0 95Zr0 Zr 0 05O3. O 3 . Incorporation of ZN into Ba0 0 95Ca0 Ca 0 05Ti0 Ti 0 95Zr0 Zr 0 05O3 O 3 presents promising prospects for using the material in various device applications, including energy storage capacitors, sensors, and actuators.