Semi-classical states for fractional Choquard equations with decaying potentials

This paper deals with the following fractional Choquard equation epsilon(2s)(-Delta)(s)u+Vu=epsilon(-alpha)(I-alpha(& lowast;)|u|(p))|u|(p-2)u in R-N, where epsilon>0 is a small parameter, (-Delta)(s) is the fractional Laplacian, N>2s, s is an element of(0,1), alpha is an element of((N-4s)+,N), p is an element of[2,N+alpha/N-2s), I-alpha is a Riesz potential, V is an element of C(R-N,[0,+infinity)) is an electric potential. Under some assumptions on the decay rate of V and the corresponding range of p, we prove that the problem has a family of solutions {u(epsilon)} concentrating at a local minimum of V as epsilon -> 0. Since the potential V decays at infinity, we need to employ a type of penalized argument and implement delicate analysis on the both nonlocal terms to establish regularity, positivity and asymptotic behaviour of u(epsilon), which is totally different from the local case. As a contrast, we also develop some nonexistence results, which imply that the assumptions on V and p for the existence of u epsilon are almost optimal. To prove our main results, a general strong maximum principle and comparison function for the weak solutions of fractional Laplacian equations are established. The main methods in this paper are variational methods, penalized technique and some comparison principle developed in this paper.