A new voltage sensitivity-based distributed feedback online optimization for voltage control in active distribution networks

Rising sustainability, environmental, and decarbonization considerations have prompted a recent increase in the integration of inverter-based distributed energy resources (DER), such as photovoltaics (PV), into the power grid. This trend raises concerns about potential voltage violations within distribution systems, emphasizing the growing relevance of effective voltage regulation. Utilizing smart inverters for active and reactive power control proves highly efficient in addressing voltage rise issues within active distribution networks (ADN). This work proposes a distributed feedback online optimization (FOO) strategy for voltage regulation in ADNs. The FOO strategy utilizes online recursive least squares (RLS) sensitivity-based feedback, relying on local measurements to iteratively compute optimal reactive power set points for DERs, ensuring bus voltage regulation to within acceptable limits. The distributed control algorithm employs a primal-dual update approach, enabling coordinated information exchange between neighboring controllers. This online feedback-based control offers a promising solution for real-time coordinated voltage control in distribution grids, particularly with the increasing integration of inverterbased DERs at the grid's edge. The approach demonstrates robustness under varying conditions, communication dynamics, and topology changes, validated using real distribution feeders with actual solar PV production and consumption data. Advancements in sensing, communication systems, and smart grid tools further enhance the feasibility and scalability of this strategy for evolving power systems.