The Development of Kazakh Elders and Biys Roles in Russian Empire Administration Structure (XIX century)

The Kazakh Khanate was abolished and new administrative institutions were established in its stead as a result of the political and administrative reforms carried out by the Tsarist Russian Empire in 1822 and 1824. Senior Sultanate, Volost, and Senior Power institutions started to take the place of the former Khanate power in the Kazakh steppes. In the Russian Empire, the post-Tsarist structures served as the governing Senate, Governors-general, and in western Siberia, the Omsk Governor-General established new district orders in the Order of Kokshetau, Karkaraly in 1824, Ayagoz external district in 1832, Bayanaul external district in 1833, Kokpekty external district in 1844. Following the dissolution of the Khanate, several regions of the Kazakh territory were governed by powerful Sultans. And there were villages and Volosts in every one of them. They had foremen and volosts in charge. Following the 1824 reform, the Khanate authority in the minor zhuz was dissolved and split into Eastern, Central, and Western regions in accordance with the "Charter of the Orenburg Kazakhs".He had three different senior Sultans appointed to him. The Bokei Horde originated in the western part of the Kazakh steppe. In the Kazakh steppe, the senior Sultan, volosts, and elders were chosen in conjunction with this administrative management overhaul. They worked in the Russian Empire's administrative system. Information on the judges' and elders' activity during that era is kept in Russia's archive funds. Generally speaking, it is evident that the institution of judges and elders should be given careful consideration as a subject of specialized research. Consequently, data from several archives in Kazakhstan and Russia as well as literature in global historiography were used in scientific circulation for the purpose of carrying out study.