Renewable wind energy resources in offshore low wind speeds regions near the equator: A review

This study explores methods to enhance wind turbine performance in low wind speed regions, focusing on strategic turbine placement, blade design, aerodynamics, and economic viability, particularly emphasizing the levelized cost of energy in low wind speed regimes. Turbines in low wind areas require a minimum wind velocity of 6.0 m/s for commercial power generation, highlighting the importance of low velocity start-up capabilities. The research investigates statistical analysis and innovative methodologies to validate proposed solutions effectively. Concentrator Augmented Wind Turbines (CAWTs) significantly enhance power output by optimizing turbine configurations and dimensions. Morphing trailing-edge (MTE) blades and dimpled rotor blades notably improve efficiency by improving aerodynamic properties, reducing cut-in speeds and increasing torque, with MTE blades showing a 40% reduction in cut-in speeds and a 600% increase in low-speed shaft torque. Slat-airfoil arrangements delay flow separation, reducing material costs. Variable ratio gearboxes (VRG) optimize power generation by adjusting rotor speeds to fluctuating wind conditions. These technological advancements not only enhance energy capture and operational efficiency but also contribute to the economic sustainability of wind energy projects, underscoring the industry's shift towards more sustainable and economically viable energy solutions.