This article explores several key tools German cities use to undertake large development projects featuring thousands of new housing units apiece. Evidence from Berlin, Frankfurt, and Munich shows how these cities leverage federal rules that freeze land costs, publicly owned land, and neighborhood- scale master planning integrated with transportation investments to make way for projects. These tools enable cities to ensure a mix of development uses-spanning schools, transportation, and housing- through a unified urban design. This form of publicly led development has helped each of these cities respond to their respective housing needs.
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Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USACase Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Bulger, Morgan
Joseph, Mark
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Case Western Reserve Univ, Community Dev, Jack Joseph & Morton Mandel Sch Appl Social Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USACase Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Joseph, Mark
McKinney, Sherise
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Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USACase Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
McKinney, Sherise
Bilimoria, Diana
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Case Western Reserve Univ, Weatherhead Sch Management, Org Behav, Cleveland, OH 44106 USACase Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Case Western Reserve Univ, Mandel Sch Appl Social Sci, Cleveland, OH 44120 USACase Western Reserve Univ, Mandel Sch Appl Social Sci, Cleveland, OH 44120 USA
Joseph, Mark
Chaskin, Robert
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Univ Chicago, Sch Social Serv Adm, Chicago, IL 60637 USACase Western Reserve Univ, Mandel Sch Appl Social Sci, Cleveland, OH 44120 USA
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Univ Johannesburg, Fac Engn & Built Environm, Dept Town & Reg Planning, Johannesburg, South AfricaUniv Johannesburg, Fac Engn & Built Environm, Dept Town & Reg Planning, Johannesburg, South Africa