Advances in cerium dioxide nanomaterials: Synthesis strategies, property modulation, and multifunctional applications

Cerium dioxide nanomaterials, have attracted immense research interest due to their unique properties and diverse applications. This comprehensive review summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis, modification, characterization, and applications of cerium dioxide. Various synthesis methods, including solvothermal/hydrothermal, precipitation, sol-gel, and combustion techniques, are discussed in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The modification strategies, such as doping with rare-earth elements, transition metals, and non-metal elements, are explored to enhance the properties and performance of cerium dioxide. The characterization techniques used to investigate the morphology, structure, oxygen vacancies, oxygen storage capacity, and optical properties are reviewed, providing insights into the structure-property relationships of cerium dioxide nanomaterials. Furthermore, the applications of these nanomaterials in catalysis, environmental remediation, energy storage, and other emerging fields are critically assessed, along with the challenges and future research directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of cerium dioxide nanomaterials and guide the rational design and development of advanced functional materials for various technological applications.