Cloud model-based intelligent controller for load frequency control of power grid with large-scale wind power integration

The intermittent and fluctuating nature of active power output from wind power significantly affects the Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power grid based on active power balance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a cloud-based intelligent PI controller designed to enhance the performance of LFC in smart grids with large-scale wind power integration. By using the error and the rate of change of error as the antecedent inputs of the cloud model-based controller and the tuning values of P and I as the consequent outputs of the cloud model, adaptive online tuning of the PI parameters is achieved. Based on the control rules of LFC in interconnected power grids and considering the uncertainty of wind power's active power output, the membership cloud parameters are designed, which effectively solves the problems of poor parameter robustness in traditional PI control and significant human influence on membership degrees in Fuzzy PI control. A simulation model of a dual-area interconnected power grid with wind power for LFC was built using Matlab/Simulink. Two typical disturbances, namely random fluctuations in wind power and sudden increases/decreases in load, were simulated. The simulation results demonstrate that the cloud model-based intelligent PI controller designed in this paper can effectively track the frequency variations caused by random fluctuations in wind power and exhibits strong robustness.