Perspectives and Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric, Pyromagnetic, Electrocaloric, and Pyroelectric Materials

This perspective provides an overview of the state of research and innovation in the areas of magnetocaloric and pyromagnetic materials, and electrocaloric and pyroelectric materials, including the overlapping sub-areas of multicaloric and multipyro materials that can operate simultaneously under the application of magnetic and electric fields. These materials are critically examined for their potential to revolutionize cooling, heating, and energy-harvesting applications. This perspective first summarizes the state-of-the-art advancements and highlights recent significant developments. Then, it is identified and discussed that the prevailing challenges hindering the widespread adoption of technologies based on these materials. In this context, after consulting with members of the caloric and pyro communities, a technology roadmap is outlined to guide research efforts in overcoming current barriers to applications, with the goal of achieving impactful results by 2040. This roadmap emphasizes the importance of focusing on under-researched materials, novel devices, and application spaces, paving the way for interdisciplinary efforts that can lead to significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. This perspective paper outlines a strategic roadmap for potential breakthroughs in solid-state heating, cooling, and energy harvesting technologies by 2040, focusing on electrocaloric, pyroelectric, magnetocaloric, pyromagnetic, multicaloric, and multipyroic materials and their applications. The roadmap emphasizes the importance of enhancing existing technologies through new or improved principles and exploring uncharted areas via interdisciplinary collaboration driving the development of impactful technologies. image