Enhancing competitiveness and sustainability in Spanish agriculture: The role of technological innovation and corporate social responsibility

This study explores the integration of sustainable technological innovation (STI) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the Spanish agricultural sector, aiming to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. Departing from previous research that often underrepresents the unique dynamics of this sector, our analysis employs both theoretical frameworks and empirical data to assess the interplay between STI and CSR. We develop a composite CSR indicator and analyze its association with regional R&D + i investment across Spain. Findings indicate that STI adoption, particularly in precision agriculture and smart livestock management, significantly enhances CSR outcomes by optimizing resource utilization and minimizing environmental impact. However, notable regional disparities emerge, influenced by economic resources, infrastructure, and policy environments. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the role of STI in fostering sustainable agricultural practices and underscores the necessity for targeted policy interventions to support regions lagging in CSR performance. The results advocate for integrating technological innovation with CSR strategies to ensure long-term sustainability and competitiveness in the agricultural sector.