Energy transition policy and Chinese rural revitalization: The roles of industrial upgrading and digital economy

This study investigates the impact of China's energy transition policy on rural revitalization, emphasizing the mediating role of industrial upgrading and the moderating influence of the digital economy. The research examines how new energy pilot city policies contribute to rural economic development, social welfare, and environmental sustainability. The results show that industrial upgrading plays a significant mediating role in linking energy policies to rural revitalization, while the digital economy strengthens this effect, highlighting the importance of digital infrastructure and literacy. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that these impacts vary across regions, with developed areas benefiting more significantly due to stronger economic foundations and digital readiness, while less developed regions face greater challenges. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, advocating for tailored and integrated strategies that combine energy transition, industrial upgrading, and digital technologies to promote sustainable rural development across diverse regional contexts.