Fire evacuation of train emergency rescue station in an extra-long railway tunnel

This paper focuses on China 's main trains and utilizes the Pathfinder coupled Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) results to perform evacuation numerical simulations, aiming to investigate the evacuation dynamics of different trains in tunnel emergency rescue stations. The numerical simulation incorporated two evacuation scenarios, comparing the evacuation time obtained when the train halted directly at the emergency rescue station with that derived from theoretical calculations at the same location. The results indicated consistency between the theoretical passenger evacuation times across different trains and the numerical calculations. Analysis of fire evacuation scenarios across various trains revealed that factors such as train width, door count per carriage, and occupant numbers significantly influenced the maximum evacuation distance. At 300 s post-fire onset, the most significant visibility reduction was observed at the junction between the second and third carriages. To enhance the safety of trains reaching tunnel emergency rescue stations during fires, recommendations were made to limit passenger capacity in the first carriage.