Relatedness of hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerances in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and their relationships with cardiac and gill traits

In fish, thermal and hypoxia tolerances may be functionally related, as suggested by the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) concept, which explains performance failure at high temperatures due to limitations in oxygen delivery. In this study the interrelatedness of hyperthermia and hypoxia tolerances in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and their links to cardiorespiratory traits were examined. Different groups of O. niloticus (n = 51) were subjected to hypoxia and hyperthermia challenges and the O-2 tension for aquatic surface respiration (ASR pO(2)) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) were assessed as measurement endpoints. Gill filament length, total filament number, ventricle mass, length and width were also measured. Tolerance to hypoxia, as evidenced by ASR pO(2) thresholds of the individual fish, was highly variable and varied between 0.26 and 3.39 kPa. ASR events increased more profoundly as O-2 tensions decreased below 2 kPa. The CTmax values recorded for the O. niloticus individuals ranged from 43.1 to 44.8 degrees C (Mean: 44.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C). Remarkably, there was a highly significant correlation between ASR pO(2) and CTmax in O. niloticus (r = -0.76, p < 0.0001) with ASR pO(2) increasing linearly with decreasing CTmax. There were, however, no discernible relationships between the measured cardiorespiratory properties and hypoxia or hyperthermia tolerances. The strong relationship between hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerances in this study may be related to the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to provide oxygen to respiring tissues under thermal stress, and thus provides some support for the OCLTT concept in this species, at least at the level of the entire organism.