Decoupling monetary resource-environmental pressure from economic growth: Empirical studies from 30 Chinese provinces (2004-2017)

A holistic framework that integrates economic growth (EG) and resource-environmental protection is crucial for achieving sustainable development. This research paper introduces a novel monetary measurement system for resource-environmental pressure (REP) based on the decoupling scheme proposed by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). Subsequently, employing China as a case study, the paper analyzes the decoupling relationship between EG and REP using the Tapio decoupling model. The main findings indicate that: (1) The overall REP in China exhibits an increasing trend from 2004 to 2017. Among the various components of REP, energy consumption accounts for the highest proportion (approximately 75%), followed by environmental degradation and pollution abatement. (2) At the provincial level, the decoupling effect of REP is highly consistent with that of natural resource loss. The overall decoupling states of REP and its sub-indicators demonstrate significant improvement around 2010. (3) The decoupling performance between REP and EG is primarily driven by policy interventions. To achieve the decoupling objectives set by the UNEP and ensure sustainable development, there is a need to intensify environmental policies in the future. (4) The decoupling effect of environmental impact loss at the provincial level exhibits notable volatility during the 2004-2017 period. The attainment of stable and strong decoupling performance in terms of environmental impact loss cannot be guaranteed. (5) From a regional perspective, provinces within the same region display similar decoupling trends over time. Hence, it is crucial to consider regional collaborative governance in addressing decoupling challenges and promoting sustainable economy.