Patterns and effects of gene flow on adaptation across spatial scales: implications for management

被引:1
|
作者
Sexton, Jason P. [1 ]
Clemens, Molly [2 ]
Bell, Nicholas [2 ]
Hall, Joseph [2 ]
Fyfe, Verity [2 ]
Hoffmann, Ary A. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Merced, Dept Life & Environm Sci, 5200 N Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343 USA
[2] Univ Melbourne, Pest & Environm Adaptat Res Grp, Sch BioSci, Bio21 Inst, Parkville, Vic, Australia
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
gene flow; adaptive potential; restoration; inbreeding depression; outbreeding depression; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; DIVERSITY; RANGE; FITNESS; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANT; BIODIVERSITY;
D O I
10.1093/jeb/voae064
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Gene flow can have rapid effects on adaptation and is an important evolutionary tool available when undertaking biological conservation and restoration. This tool is underused partly because of the perceived risk of outbreeding depression and loss of mean fitness when different populations are crossed. In this article, we briefly review some theory and empirical findings on how genetic variation is distributed across species ranges, describe known patterns of gene flow in nature with respect to environmental gradients, and highlight the effects of gene flow on adaptation in small or stressed populations in challenging environments (e.g., at species range limits). We then present a case study involving crosses at varying spatial scales among mountain populations of a trigger plant (Stylidium armeria: Stylidiaceae) in the Australian Alps to highlight how some issues around gene flow effects can be evaluated. We found evidence of outbreeding depression in seed production at greater geographic distances. Nevertheless, we found no evidence of maladaptive gene flow effects in likelihood of germination, plant performance (size), and performance variance, suggesting that gene flow at all spatial scales produces offspring with high adaptive potential. This case study demonstrates a path to evaluating how increasing sources of gene flow in managed wild and restored populations could identify some offspring with high fitness that could bolster the ability of populations to adapt to future environmental changes. We suggest further ways in which managers and researchers can act to understand and consider adaptive gene flow in natural and conservation contexts under rapidly changing conditions. Graphical Abstract
引用
收藏
页码:732 / 745
页数:14
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