Research progress in biomarker-targeted optical biosensors for plant disease detection

Plant diseases have posed a huge threat to global food security and ecological balance. The extensive use of pesticides for plant disease management has led to adverse effects on food quality and human health. Thus, accurate and timely diagnosis is essentially important to reduce the reliance on pesticides and prevent their abuse. Biomarker-targeted optical biosensors offer the potential for early and accurate diagnosis of plant diseases and thus have garnered increasing attention. However, there is a lack of comprehensive summary of biomarkers for crop pathogens and pests, let alone the detailed application of biomarker-based optical biosensors in plant disease diagnosis. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of plant-related biomarkers and a comprehensive overview of the advancement of applying biomarker-targeted optical detection for plant diseases. It will provide valuable inspiration for future efforts in achieving food security and promoting sustainable agricultural development.