Differentiating Low-Grade from High-Grade Intracranial Ependymomas: Comparison of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of fractional plasma volume derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging versus ADC, obtained from DWI in differentiating between grade 2 (low-grade) and grade 3 (high-grade) intracranial ependymomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital database was created for the period from January 2013 through June 2022, including patients with histologically-proved ependymoma diagnosis with available dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Both dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion and DWI were performed on each patient using 1.5T and 3T scanners. Fractional plasma volume maps and ADC maps were calculated. ROIs were defined by a senior neuroradiologist manually by including the enhancing tumor on every section and conforming a VOI to obtain the maximum value of fractional plasma volume (Vp(max)) and the minimum value of ADC (ADC(min)). A Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of corrected P = .01 was used to evaluate the differences. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Vp(max) and ADC(min) values. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients with ependymomas (10 grade 2 tumors and 10 grade 3 tumors) were included. Vp(max) values for grade 3 ependymomas were significantly higher (P < .002) than those for grade 2. ADC(min) values were overall lower in high-grade lesions. However, no statistically significant differences were found (P = .12114). CONCLUSIONS: As a dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging metric, fractional plasma volume can be used as an indicator to differentiate grade 2 and grade 3 ependymomas. Dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging plays an important role with high diagnostic value in differentiating low- and high-grade ependymoma.