Radiative Double-Diffusive Mixed Convection Flow in a Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid Over a Vertical Deformable Sheet with Thermophoretic Particle Deposition Effects

Purpose: A key step in the propagation of microparticles across temperature gradients, thermophoresis deposition of particles is important for electrical and aerosol technologies. Thus, the impact of thermophoresis deposition of particles is encountered in a mixed convective flow of Williamson hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) across a stretching/shrinking sheet to monitor the fluctuation of mass deposition. Design/methodology/approach : The transformation is used to transmute the PDEs into ODEs and then the bvp4c approach is applied to solve the modified governing equations of the problem. Graphs are used to illustrate the key variables that influence the heat, mass and flow profiles. Findings : The results suggest that the mass transfer rate (MTR) decreases for both solutions due to the higher consequences of the thermophoretic parameter. In addition, the developed impact of the radiation parameter and the posited hybrid nanoparticles markedly raise the heat transfer rate (HTR) for both solutions. Hybrid nanoparticles are effective for generating maximum energy. They play a crucial role in providing a high rate of acceleration in the flow. Practical implications : The stable outcomes of this examination could be very helpful in improving the energy efficiency of thermal systems. Originality/value : The double-diffusive non-Newtonian Williamson fluid by incorporating nanofluids across a vertical stretching/shrinking sheet with thermal radiation has not been considered yet. The obtained numerical results have been validated with the published work to validate the numerical method.